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Benchmark Instructional Guide
Connecting Benchmarks/Horizontal Alignment
Terms from the K-12 Glossary
- Angle (∠)
- Complementary (∠)
- Supplementary (∠)
- Vertical
Vertical Alignment
Previous Benchmarks
Next Benchmarks
Purpose and Instructional Strategies
In the elementary grades, students were introduced to acute, right, obtuse, straight reflex angles and solved real-world and mathematical problems involving angle measures. They also used angles to classify triangles and quadrilaterals. In grade 8, students solve problems involving supplementary, complementary, vertical and adjacent angles. In Geometry, students will extend the learning from this benchmark to prove relationships and theorems involving lines and angles.- This benchmark is foundational to help develop the understanding of angles and connections related to parallel lines cut by a transversal.
- In order for students to learn relationships between angles, it is important to provide an opportunity to connect complementary and supplementary angles to work with triangles. Students should draw or be given a right triangle to explore rearranging the angles to show both the 90 and 180 degrees that can be created for a right angle and a straight line, respectively.
- To support the concept of adjacent angles, students should have examples and non-examples to write their own definition and revise it based on critiques from others (MTR.4.1). Students should trace each angle with different colors to ensure that there isn’t overlap, but has a common side.
- When discussing vertical angles, use a model of two strips of paper with a small brad at the center where they cross. Then, moving the paper to create different sized angles, measure each angle to show the vertical angle measures to lead to understanding that the vertical angles will have the same measure.
- Vertical angles can be explored using the same activity as adjacent angles with examples and non-examples. The criteria could include the following:
- Formed from exactly 2 straight intersecting lines
- Pair of angles
- Non-adjacent
- Common vertex
- It is important to have students’ reasoning supported. This can be done by making statements with reasoning such as “always true, sometimes true, never true.”
- For example, a linear pair of angles (a type of adjacent angles) are always supplementary because they form a straight line.
- Once conceptual understanding and definitions are built, introduce algebraic concepts for students to write and solve equations using facts about the angle relationships. Students should be able to generate equations written in different forms.
- For example, if students are provided the figure below, they can generate multiple equivalent equations to represent their thinking. For this figure, three possible equations are:
180 = 147 + 2 + 3
180 − 147 = 2 +3
2 + 150 = 180
- For example, if students are provided the figure below, they can generate multiple equivalent equations to represent their thinking. For this figure, three possible equations are:
Common Misconceptions or Errors
- Students may invert the definition of complementary and supplementary.
Strategies to Support Tiered Instruction
- Instruction includes co-constructing a graphic organizer with students to measure, label and record the angle measurement of two intersecting lines. The teacher labels the angles, and measures and record the angle measurements. The teacher then leads a discussion and documents the relationships between different angle pairs.
- Instruction includes erasing or covering part of a line for students to visually see the supplementary angles within two intersecting lines.
- Instruction includes co-creating a graphic organizer identifying the relationships between supplementary, complementary, vertical, and adjacent angles. Include a strategy for solving problems involving each type of angle pair, such as setting vertical angle measures equal.
Instructional Tasks
Instructional Task 1 (MTR.1.1, MTR.2.1)Complete the table below that includes the following types of angles:
Instructional Task 2 (MTR.4.1)
Determine if each of the following statements is always true, sometimes true or never true. For each statement that you chose as “sometimes true”, provide an example and non-example.
a. The sum of the measures of two supplementary angles is 180°.
b. Vertical angles are also adjacent angles.
c. Two adjacent angles are complementary.
d. If two lines intersect, each pair of vertical angles are complementary.
Instructional Items
Instructional Item 1The measure of angle 1 is 12 more than the measure of angle 2. What is the degree measure of angle 3?
*The strategies, tasks and items included in the B1G-M are examples and should not be considered comprehensive.
Related Courses
Related Access Points
Related Resources
Formative Assessments
Lesson Plans
Original Student Tutorials
Tutorials
MFAS Formative Assessments
Students are asked to use knowledge of angle relationships to write and solve equations to determine unknown angle measures.
Students are asked to write and solve equations to determine unknown angle measures in supplementary and complementary angle pairs.
Students are asked to write and solve equations to determine unknown angle measures in supplementary angle relationships.
Students are asked use knowledge of angle relationships to write and solve an equation to determine an unknown angle measure.
Original Student Tutorials Mathematics - Grades 6-8
Explore complementary and supplementary angles around the playground with Jacob in this interactive tutorial.
This is Part 1 in a two-part series. Click HERE to open Playground Angles: Part 2.
Help Jacob write and solve equations to find missing angle measures based on the relationship between angles that sum to 90 degrees and 180 degrees in this playground-themed, interactive tutorial.
This is Part 2 in a two-part series. Click HERE to open Playground Angles: Part 1.
Student Resources
Original Student Tutorials
Explore complementary and supplementary angles around the playground with Jacob in this interactive tutorial.
This is Part 1 in a two-part series. Click HERE to open Playground Angles: Part 2.
Type: Original Student Tutorial
Help Jacob write and solve equations to find missing angle measures based on the relationship between angles that sum to 90 degrees and 180 degrees in this playground-themed, interactive tutorial.
This is Part 2 in a two-part series. Click HERE to open Playground Angles: Part 1.
Type: Original Student Tutorial
Tutorials
In this video, we find missing angle measures from a variety of examples.
Type: Tutorial
The video will use algebra to find the measure of two angles whose sum equals 90 degrees, better known as complementary angles.
Type: Tutorial
Watch as we use algebra to find the measure of two complementary angles.
Type: Tutorial
Watch as we use algebra to find the measure of supplementary angles, whose sum is 180 degrees.
Type: Tutorial
This video uses knowledge of vertical angles to solve for the variable and the angle measures.
Type: Tutorial
This video uses facts about supplementary and adjacent angles to introduce vertical angles.
Type: Tutorial
This video demonstrates solving a word problem involving angle measures.
Type: Tutorial
The video will demonstrate the difference between supplementary angles and complementary angles, by using the given measurements of angles.
Type: Tutorial
