General Information
Subject Area: Mathematics (B.E.S.T.)
Grade: 912
Strand: Logic and Discrete Theory
Standard: Develop an understanding of the fundamentals of propositional logic, arguments and methods of proof.
Date Adopted or Revised: 08/20
Status: State Board Approved
Benchmark Instructional Guide
Connecting Benchmarks/Horizontal Alignment
Terms from the K-12 Glossary
Vertical Alignment
Previous Benchmarks
Next Benchmarks
Purpose and Instructional Strategies
In grades 7 and 8, students explored the reasons why some geometric statements concerning angles and polygons are true or false. In Geometry, students learn and construct proofs for many of the geometric facts that they encounter and they learn to use counterexamples to check the validity of arguments and statements. The content of this benchmark is to be used throughout this course. In later courses, students continue to learn to judge the validity of many different arguments and statements.- Instruction includes the understanding that a valid argument can be a statement or sequence of statements supported by valid reasons, a part of a proof or an entire proof.
- One way to show that an argument is not valid is to provide at least one counterexample to at least one statement in the argument.
- For example, if the argument is “All rectangles have opposite sides parallel; therefore, given a quadrilateral is not a rectangle, the quadrilateral does not have opposite sides parallel,” then a student can provide a parallelogram as a counterexample to show that concluding statement of the argument is not valid.
Common Misconceptions or Errors
- Students may think a statement is true because they cannot think of a counter example.
Instructional Tasks
Instructional Task 1 (MTR.3.1)- Part A. Which of the following statements are true?
- If a quadrilateral is a square, then it is a rectangle.
- All trapezoids are parallelograms.
- Any quadrilateral can be inscribed in a circle.
- Part B. Provide counterexamples to prove the invalid statements from Part A are not true.
Instructional Items
Instructional Item 1- Puaglo said the following statements are true. Select all the statements that are false.
- a. All quadrilaterals have four right angles.
- b. A triangle is a polygon with three sides.
- c. All circles are similar.
- d. All equiangular quadrilaterals are congruent.
- e. A trapezoid must have at least one obtuse angle.