| Code |
Description |
| SS.912.AA.3.1: | Analyze the changing social and economic roles of African Americans during the Civil War and the Exodus of 1879.Clarifications:
Clarification 1: Instruction includes the status of slaves, escaped slaves, and free blacks during the Civil War. Clarification 2: Instruction includes examining the roles and efforts of black nurses, soldiers, spies, scouts and slaves during the Civil War. Clarification 3: Instruction includes the significant roles of African Americans in the armed forces (e.g., 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, 13th U.S. Colored Troops, Buffalo Soldiers, Sgt. William Carney, Pvt. Cathay Williams, Harriet Tubman). Clarification 4: Instruction includes the establishment and efforts of the Freedman’s Bureau. Clarification 5: Instruction includes the Exodusters and their influence on American culture.
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| SS.912.AA.3.2: | Examine social contributions of African Americans post-Civil War.Clarifications:
Clarification 1: Instruction includes how the war effort helped propel civil rights for African Americans from the early Civil Rights Movement (1865-1896) to the modern-day Civil Rights Movement, demanding the American promise of justice, liberty and equality (i.e., 13th Amendment, 14th Amendment, 15th Amendment). Clarification 2: Instruction includes the founding of Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). Clarification 3: Instruction includes fraternal and sororal organizations.
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| SS.912.AA.3.3: | Examine the importance of sacrifices, contributions and experiences of African Americans during wartime from the Spanish-American War through the Korean War.Clarifications:
Clarification 1: Instruction includes the contributions of African American soldiers during World War I. (e.g., 369th Infantry Regiment [Harlem Hellfighters], 370th Infantry Regiment, Sgt. Henry Johnson, Cpl. Freddie Stowers). Clarification 2: Instruction includes the heroic actions displayed by the Tuskegee Airmen during World War II. (e.g., Gen. Charles McGee, Gen. Benjamin O. Davis, Jr., Gen. Daniel “Chappie” James, Capt. Roscoe C. Brown, 1st Lt. Lucius Theus, Charles Alfred “Chief” Anderson, James Polkinghorne). Clarification 3: Instruction includes the contributions of African American women to World War I and World War II (e.g., 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion [Six Triple Eight], Lt. Col. Charity Edna Adams, Addie W. Hunton, Kathryn M. Johnson, Helen Curtis).
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| SS.912.AA.3.4: | Evaluate the relationship of various ethnic groups to African Americans’ access to rights, privileges and liberties in the United States.Clarifications:
Clarification 1: Instruction includes landmark United States Supreme Court Cases affecting African Americans (e.g., the Slaughter House cases, Yick Wo v. Hopkins, Plessy v. Ferguson). Clarification 2: Instruction includes the influence of white and black political leaders who fought on behalf of African Americans in state and national legislatures and courts. Clarification 3: Instruction includes how organizations, individuals, legislation and literature contributed to the movement for equal rights in the United States (e.g., Sojourner Truth, Frederick Douglass, Carter G. Woodson, Henry Beard Delany, Emma Beard Delaney, Hiram Rhodes Revels). Clarification 4: Instruction includes how whites who supported Reconstruction policies for freed blacks after the Civil War (white southerners being called scalawags and white northerners being called carpetbaggers) were targeted.
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| SS.912.AA.3.5: | Explain the struggles faced by African American women in the 19th century as it relates to issues of suffrage, business and access to education.Clarifications:
Clarification 1: Instruction includes the role of African American women in politics, business and education during the 19th century (e.g., Mary B. Talbert, Ida B. Wells, Sojourner Truth: Ain’t I a Woman?). |
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| SS.912.AA.3.6: | Describe the emergence, growth, destruction and rebuilding of black communities during Reconstruction and beyond.Clarifications:
Clarification 1: Instruction includes the ramifications of prejudice, racism and stereotyping on individual freedoms (e.g., the Civil Rights Cases, Black Codes, Jim Crow Laws, lynchings, Columbian Exposition of 1893). Clarification 2: Instruction includes acts of violence perpetrated against and by African Americans but is not limited to 1906 Atlanta Race Riot, 1919 Washington, D.C. Race Riot, 1920 Ocoee Massacre, 1921 Tulsa Massacre and the 1923 Rosewood Massacre. Clarification 3: Instruction includes communities such as: Lincolnville (FL), Tullahassee (OK), Eatonville (FL).
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| SS.912.AA.3.7: | Examine economic developments of and for African Americans post-WWI, including the spending power and the development of black businesses and innovations.Clarifications:
Clarification 1: Instruction includes leaders who advocated differing economic viewpoints (e.g., Marcus Garvey, Booker T. Washington, Tuskegee Institute, W.E.B. DuBois, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People [NAACP]). Clarification 2: Instruction includes the Double Duty Dollar Campaign as an economic movement to encourage community self-sufficiency. Clarification 3: Instruction includes the impact of Freedman’s Savings and Trust Company. Clarification 4: Instruction includes the contributions of black innovators, entrepreneurs and organizations to the development and growth of black businesses and innovations (e.g., National Negro Business League, National Urban League, Universal Negro Improvement Association [UNIA], NAACP, Annie Malone, Madame C.J. Walker, Negro Motorist Green Book, Charles Richard Patterson of C.R. Patterson & Sons, Suzanne Shank, Reginald F. Lewis).
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| SS.912.AA.3.8: | Examine political developments of and for African Americans in the post-WWI period.Clarifications:
Clarification 1: Instruction includes landmark court cases affecting African Americans. Clarification 2: Instruction includes the ramifications of President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal (1933-1945) on African Americans. Clarification 3: Instruction includes the effects of the election of African Americans to national office (e.g., Oscar De Priest).
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| SS.912.AA.3.9: | Examine the various factors that led to and the consequences of the Great Migration.Clarifications:
Clarification 1: Instruction includes the push and pull factors of the Great Migration. (e.g., race riots, socio-economic factors, political rights, how African Americans suffered infringement of rights through racial oppression, segregation, discrimination). Clarification 2: Instruction includes the Great Migration and its influence on American culture (e.g., political realignment and dealignment). Clarification 3: Instruction includes how the transition from rural to urban led to opportunities and challenges. (e.g., Emmett J. Scott: Letters of Negro Migrants, Jacob Lawrence: The Migration of the Negro, red-lining, 1935 Harlem Race Riot, broad increase in economic competition).
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| SS.912.AA.3.10: | Describe the Harlem Renaissance and examine contributions from African American artists, musicians and writers and their lasting influence on American culture. |
| SS.912.AA.3.11: | Examine and analyze the impact and achievements of African American women in the fields of education, journalism, science, industry, the arts, and as writers and orators in the 20th century. |
| SS.912.AA.3.12: | Analyze the impact and contributions of African American role models as inventors, scientists, industrialist, educators, artists, athletes, politicians and physicians in the 19th and early 20th centuries and explain the significance of their work on American society. |
| SS.912.AA.3.13: | Explain how WWII was an impetus for the modern Civil Rights Movement.Clarifications:
Clarification 1: Instruction includes how WWII helped to break down the barriers of segregation (e.g., 1948 Executive Order 9981, Executive Order 8802 signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Tuskegee Airmen, “Double V” campaign, James G. Thompson). |
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| SS.912.AA.3.14: | Examine key figures and events from Florida that affected African Americans.Clarifications:
Clarification 1: Instruction includes key events that occurred in Florida during the 19th century (e.g., Battle of Olustee). Clarification 2: Instruction includes early examples of African American playwrights, novelists, poets, actors, politicians and merchants (e.g., Jonathan C. Gibbs, Josiah Walls, Robert Meacham, Blanche Armwood, Mary McLeod Bethune, Harry T. Moore, Harriet Moore, James Weldon Johnson). Clarification 3: Instruction includes the settlements of forts, towns and communities by African Americans and its impact on the state of Florida post-Civil War (e.g., Fort Pickens, Eatonville, Lincolnville).
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