Standard 2 : Analyze events that involved or affected Africans from the founding of the nation through Reconstruction.



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General Information

Number: SS.68.AA.2
Title: Analyze events that involved or affected Africans from the founding of the nation through Reconstruction.
Type: Standard
Subject: Social Studies
Grade: 68
Strand: African American History

Related Benchmarks

This cluster includes the following benchmarks
Code Description
SS.68.AA.2.1: Explain early congressional actions regarding the institution of slavery (i.e., Northwest Ordinance of 1787, Three-Fifths Compromise, Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves of 1808).
SS.68.AA.2.2: Explain the effect of the cotton industry on the expansion of slavery due to Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin.
Clarifications:
Clarification 1: Instruction includes the use of a map to show westward expansion.
SS.68.AA.2.3: Examine the various duties and trades performed by slaves (e.g., agricultural work, painting, carpentry, tailoring, domestic service, blacksmithing, transportation).
Clarifications:
Clarification 1: Instruction includes how slaves developed skills which, in some instances, could be applied for their personal benefit.
SS.68.AA.2.4: Examine the Underground Railroad and its importance to those seeking freedom.
Clarifications:

Clarification 1: Instruction includes how collaboration of free blacks, whites, churches and organizations assisted in the Underground Railroad (e.g., Harriet Tubman, William Lambert, Levi Coffin, William Still).

Clarification 2: Instruction includes the use of “spirituals” and symbols as a form of communication, coordination, coding and expression.

SS.68.AA.2.5: Identify political figures who strove to abolish the institution of slavery (e.g., Thaddeus Stevens, Abraham Lincoln, Zachariah Chandler).
SS.68.AA.2.6: Evaluate various abolitionist movements that continuously pushed to end slavery.
Clarifications:

Clarification 1: Instruction includes the Society of Friends (Quakers) and their efforts to end slavery throughout the United States.

Clarification 2: Instruction includes writings by Africans living in the United States and their effect on the abolitionist movement (e.g., Sojourner Truth, Frederick Douglass, William Wells Brown, David Walker, Martin Delaney).

SS.68.AA.2.7: Examine how the status of slaves, those who had escaped slavery and free blacks affected their contributions to the Civil War effort.
SS.68.AA.2.8: Describe significant contributions made by key figures during Reconstruction (e.g., President Ulysses S. Grant, Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, Frederick Douglass, Lyman Trumbull).