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The purpose of this course is to provide instruction that enables students to accelerate the development of reading and writing skills and to strengthen those skills so they are able to successfully read and write middle grade level text independently. Instruction emphasizes reading comprehension, writing fluency, and vocabulary study through the use of a variety of literary and informational texts encompassing a broad range of text structures, genres, and levels of complexity. Texts used for instruction focus on a wide range of topics, including content-area information, in order to support students in meeting the knowledge demands of increasingly complex text. Students enrolled in the course will engage in interactive text-based discussion, question generation, and research opportunities. They will write in response to reading and cite evidence when answering text dependent questions orally and in writing. The course provides extensive opportunities for students to collaborate with their peers. Scaffolding is provided as necessary as students engage in reading and writing with increasingly complex text and is decreased as the reading and writing abilities of students improve over time.

Important Note: Reading and writing courses should not be used in place of English language arts courses; reading and writing courses are intended to be used to supplement further study in English language arts.

The Intensive courses have been designed for the teacher to select and teach only the appropriate standards corresponding to a student's grade level and/or instructional needs. The courses should not be used in place of grade level English/Language Arts courses and are intended to provide intervention for students who have reading deficiencies.

M/J Intensive Language Arts (MC) (#1000000)
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Course Standards

Standard Notes:
These reading literature standards offer a focus for instruction each year and help ensure that students gain adequate exposure to a range of texts and tasks. Rigor is also infused through the requirement that students read increasingly complex texts through the grades. Students advancing through the grades are expected to meet each year’s grade-specific standards and retain or further develop skills and understandings mastered in preceding grades.

These reading informational text standards offer a focus for instruction each year and help ensure that students gain adequate exposure to a range of texts and tasks. Rigor is also infused through the requirement that students read increasingly complex texts through the grades.

Each year in their writing, students should demonstrate increasing sophistication in all aspects of language use, from vocabulary and syntax to the development and organization of ideas, and they should address increasingly demanding content and sources. Students advancing through the grades are expected to meet each succeeding year’s grade-specific writing benchmarks and retain or further develop skills and understandings mastered in preceding grades.

The following speaking and listening standards offer a focus for instruction each year to help ensure that students gain adequate mastery of a range of communication skills and applications.

The following language standards offer a focus for instruction each year to help ensure that students gain adequate mastery of a range of language skills and applications. Students advancing through the grades are expected to meet each succeeding year’s grade-specific standards and retain or further develop skills and understandings mastered in preceding grades.



 Visit the specific benchmark webpage to find related instructional resources.
  • LAFS.6.L.1.1 (Archived Standard): Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.
    1. Ensure that pronouns are in the proper case (subjective, objective, possessive).
    2. Use intensive pronouns (e.g., myself, ourselves).
    3. Recognize and correct inappropriate shifts in pronoun number and person.
    4. Recognize and correct vague pronouns (i.e., ones with unclear or ambiguous antecedents).
    5. Recognize variations from standard English in their own and others' writing and speaking, and identify and use strategies to improve expression in conventional language.
  • LAFS.6.L.1.2 (Archived Standard): Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.
    1. Use punctuation (commas, parentheses, dashes) to set off nonrestrictive/parenthetical elements.
    2. Spell correctly.
  • LAFS.6.L.2.3 (Archived Standard): Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening.
    1. Vary sentence patterns for meaning, reader/listener interest, and style
    2. Maintain consistency in style and tone.
  • LAFS.6.L.3.4 (Archived Standard): Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 6 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.
    1. Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence or paragraph; a word’s position or function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.
    2. Use common, grade-appropriate Greek or Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., audience, auditory, audible).
    3. Consult reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning or its part of speech.
    4. Verify the preliminary determination of the meaning of a word or phrase (e.g., by checking the inferred meaning in context or in a dictionary).
  • LAFS.6.L.3.5 (Archived Standard): Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings.
    1. Interpret figures of speech (e.g., personification) in context.
    2. Use the relationship between particular words (e.g., cause/effect, part/whole, item/category) to better understand each of the words.
    3. Distinguish among the connotations (associations) of words with similar denotations (definitions) (e.g., stingy, scrimping, economical, unwasteful, thrifty).
  • LAFS.6.L.3.6 (Archived Standard): Acquire and use accurately grade-appropriate general academic and domain-specific words and phrases; gather vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression.
  • LAFS.6.RI.1.1 (Archived Standard): Cite textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
  • LAFS.6.RI.1.2 (Archived Standard): Determine a central idea of a text and how it is conveyed through particular details; provide a summary of the text distinct from personal opinions or judgments.
  • LAFS.6.RI.1.3 (Archived Standard): Analyze in detail how a key individual, event, or idea is introduced, illustrated, and elaborated in a text (e.g., through examples or anecdotes).
  • LAFS.6.RI.2.4 (Archived Standard): Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings.
  • LAFS.6.RI.2.5 (Archived Standard): Analyze how a particular sentence, paragraph, chapter, or section fits into the overall structure of a text and contributes to the development of the ideas.
  • LAFS.6.RI.2.6 (Archived Standard): Determine an author’s point of view or purpose in a text and explain how it is conveyed in the text.
  • LAFS.6.RI.3.7 (Archived Standard): Integrate information presented in different media or formats (e.g., visually, quantitatively) as well as in words to develop a coherent understanding of a topic or issue.
  • LAFS.6.RI.3.8 (Archived Standard): Trace and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, distinguishing claims that are supported by reasons and evidence from claims that are not.
  • LAFS.6.RI.3.9 (Archived Standard): Compare and contrast one author’s presentation of events with that of another (e.g., a memoir written by and a biography on the same person).
  • LAFS.6.RI.4.10 (Archived Standard): By the end of the year, read and comprehend literary nonfiction in the grades 6–8 text complexity band proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range.
  • LAFS.6.RL.1.1 (Archived Standard): Cite textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
  • LAFS.6.RL.1.2 (Archived Standard): Determine a theme or central idea of a text and how it is conveyed through particular details; provide a summary of the text distinct from personal opinions or judgments.
  • LAFS.6.RL.1.3 (Archived Standard): Describe how a particular story’s or drama’s plot unfolds in a series of episodes as well as how the characters respond or change as the plot moves toward a resolution.
  • LAFS.6.RL.2.4 (Archived Standard): Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative and connotative meanings; analyze the impact of a specific word choice on meaning and tone.
  • LAFS.6.RL.2.5 (Archived Standard): Analyze how a particular sentence, chapter, scene, or stanza fits into the overall structure of a text and contributes to the development of the theme, setting, or plot.
  • LAFS.6.RL.2.6 (Archived Standard): Explain how an author develops the point of view of the narrator or speaker in a text.
  • LAFS.6.RL.3.7 (Archived Standard): Compare and contrast the experience of reading a story, drama, or poem to listening to or viewing an audio, video, or live version of the text, including contrasting what they “see” and “hear” when reading the text to what they perceive when they listen or watch.
  • LAFS.6.RL.3.9 (Archived Standard): Compare and contrast texts in different forms or genres (e.g., stories and poems; historical novels and fantasy stories) in terms of their approaches to similar themes and topics.
  • LAFS.6.RL.4.10 (Archived Standard): By the end of the year, read and comprehend literature, including stories, dramas, and poems, in the grades 6–8 text complexity band proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range.
  • LAFS.6.SL.1.1 (Archived Standard): Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grade 6 topics, texts, and issues, building on others’ ideas and expressing their own clearly.
    1. Come to discussions prepared, having read or studied required material; explicitly draw on that preparation by referring to evidence on the topic, text, or issue to probe and reflect on ideas under discussion.
    2. Follow rules for collegial discussions, set specific goals and deadlines, and define individual roles as needed.
    3. Pose and respond to specific questions with elaboration and detail by making comments that contribute to the topic, text, or issue under discussion.
    4. Review the key ideas expressed and demonstrate understanding of multiple perspectives through reflection and paraphrasing.
  • LAFS.6.SL.1.2 (Archived Standard): Interpret information presented in diverse media and formats (e.g., visually, quantitatively, orally) and explain how it contributes to a topic, text, or issue under study.
  • LAFS.6.SL.1.3 (Archived Standard): Delineate a speaker’s argument and specific claims, distinguishing claims that are supported by reasons and evidence from claims that are not.
  • LAFS.6.SL.2.4 (Archived Standard): Present claims and findings, sequencing ideas logically and using pertinent descriptions, facts, and details to accentuate main ideas or themes; use appropriate eye contact, adequate volume, and clear pronunciation.
  • LAFS.6.SL.2.5 (Archived Standard): Include multimedia components (e.g., graphics, images, music, sound) and visual displays in presentations to clarify information.
  • LAFS.6.SL.2.6 (Archived Standard): Adapt speech to a variety of contexts and tasks, demonstrating command of formal English when indicated or appropriate.
  • LAFS.6.W.1.1 (Archived Standard): Write arguments to support claims with clear reasons and relevant evidence.
    1. Introduce claim(s) and organize the reasons and evidence clearly.
    2. Support claim(s) with clear reasons and relevant evidence, using credible sources and demonstrating an understanding of the topic or text.
    3. Use words, phrases, and clauses to clarify the relationships among claim(s) and reasons.
    4. Establish and maintain a formal style.
    5. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from the argument presented.
  • LAFS.6.W.1.2 (Archived Standard): Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas, concepts, and information through the selection, organization, and analysis of relevant content.
    1. Introduce a topic; organize ideas, concepts, and information, using strategies such as definition, classification, comparison/contrast, and cause/effect; include formatting (e.g., headings), graphics (e.g., charts, tables), and multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension.
    2. Develop the topic with relevant facts, definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples.
    3. Use appropriate transitions to clarify the relationships among ideas and concepts.
    4. Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to inform about or explain the topic.
    5. Establish and maintain a formal style.
    6. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from the information or explanation presented.
  • LAFS.6.W.1.3 (Archived Standard): Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, relevant descriptive details, and well-structured event sequences.
    1. Engage and orient the reader by establishing a context and introducing a narrator and/or characters; organize an event sequence that unfolds naturally and logically.
    2. Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue, pacing, and description, to develop experiences, events, and/or characters.
    3. Use a variety of transition words, phrases, and clauses to convey sequence and signal shifts from one time frame or setting to another.
    4. Use precise words and phrases, relevant descriptive details, and sensory language to convey experiences and events.
    5. Provide a conclusion that follows from the narrated experiences or events.
  • LAFS.6.W.2.4 (Archived Standard): Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. (Grade-specific expectations for writing types are defined in standards 1–3 above.)
  • LAFS.6.W.2.5 (Archived Standard): With some guidance and support from peers and adults, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach.
  • LAFS.6.W.2.6 (Archived Standard): Use technology, including the Internet, to produce and publish writing as well as to interact and collaborate with others; demonstrate sufficient command of keyboarding skills to type a minimum of three pages in a single sitting.
  • LAFS.6.W.3.7 (Archived Standard): Conduct short research projects to answer a question, drawing on several sources and refocusing the inquiry when appropriate.
  • LAFS.6.W.3.8 (Archived Standard): Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources; assess the credibility of each source; and quote or paraphrase the data and conclusions of others while avoiding plagiarism and providing basic bibliographic information for sources.
  • LAFS.6.W.3.9 (Archived Standard): Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.
    1. Apply grade 6 Reading standards to literature (e.g., “Compare and contrast texts in different forms or genres [e.g., stories and poems; historical novels and fantasy stories] in terms of their approaches to similar themes and topics”).
    2. Apply grade 6 Reading standards to literary nonfiction (e.g., “Trace and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, distinguishing claims that are supported by reasons and evidence from claims that are not”).
  • LAFS.6.W.4.10 (Archived Standard): Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences.
  • LAFS.7.L.1.1 (Archived Standard): Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.
    1. Explain the function of phrases and clauses in general and their function in specific sentences.
    2. Choose among simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences to signal differing relationships among ideas.
    3. Place phrases and clauses within a sentence, recognizing and correcting misplaced and dangling modifiers.
  • LAFS.7.L.1.2 (Archived Standard): Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.
    1. Use a comma to separate coordinate adjectives (e.g., It was a fascinating, enjoyable movie but not He wore an old[,] green shirt).
    2. Spell correctly.
  • LAFS.7.L.2.3 (Archived Standard): Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening.
    1. Choose language that expresses ideas precisely and concisely, recognizing and eliminating wordiness and redundancy.
  • LAFS.7.L.3.4 (Archived Standard): Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 7 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.
    1. Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence or paragraph; a word’s position or function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.
    2. Use common, grade-appropriate Greek or Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., belligerent, bellicose, rebel).
    3. Consult general and specialized reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning or its part of speech.
    4. Verify the preliminary determination of the meaning of a word or phrase (e.g., by checking the inferred meaning in context or in a dictionary).
  • LAFS.7.L.3.5 (Archived Standard): Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings.
    1. Interpret figures of speech (e.g., literary, biblical, and mythological allusions) in context.
    2. Use the relationship between particular words (e.g., synonym/antonym, analogy) to better understand each of the words.
    3. Distinguish among the connotations (associations) of words with similar denotations (definitions) (e.g., refined, respectful, polite, diplomatic, condescending).
  • LAFS.7.L.3.6 (Archived Standard): Acquire and use accurately grade-appropriate general academic and domain-specific words and phrases; gather vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression.
  • LAFS.7.RI.1.1 (Archived Standard): Cite several pieces of textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
  • LAFS.7.RI.1.2 (Archived Standard): Determine two or more central ideas in a text and analyze their development over the course of the text; provide an objective summary of the text.
  • LAFS.7.RI.1.3 (Archived Standard): Analyze the interactions between individuals, events, and ideas in a text (e.g., how ideas influence individuals or events, or how individuals influence ideas or events).
  • LAFS.7.RI.2.4 (Archived Standard): Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings; analyze the impact of a specific word choice on meaning and tone.
  • LAFS.7.RI.2.5 (Archived Standard): Analyze the structure an author uses to organize a text, including how the major sections contribute to the whole and to the development of the ideas.
  • LAFS.7.RI.2.6 (Archived Standard): Determine an author’s point of view or purpose in a text and analyze how the author distinguishes his or her position from that of others.
  • LAFS.7.RI.3.7 (Archived Standard): Compare and contrast a text to an audio, video, or multimedia version of the text, analyzing each medium’s portrayal of the subject (e.g., how the delivery of a speech affects the impact of the words).
  • LAFS.7.RI.3.8 (Archived Standard): Trace and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is sound and the evidence is relevant and sufficient to support the claims.
  • LAFS.7.RI.3.9 (Archived Standard): Analyze how two or more authors writing about the same topic shape their presentations of key information by emphasizing different evidence or advancing different interpretations of facts.
  • LAFS.7.RI.4.10 (Archived Standard): By the end of the year, read and comprehend literary nonfiction in the grades 6–8 text complexity band proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range.
  • LAFS.7.RL.1.1 (Archived Standard): Cite several pieces of textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
  • LAFS.7.RL.1.2 (Archived Standard): Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text; provide an objective summary of the text.
  • LAFS.7.RL.1.3 (Archived Standard): Analyze how particular elements of a story or drama interact (e.g., how setting shapes the characters or plot).
  • LAFS.7.RL.2.4 (Archived Standard): Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative and connotative meanings; analyze the impact of rhymes and other repetitions of sounds (e.g., alliteration) on a specific verse or stanza of a poem or section of a story or drama.
  • LAFS.7.RL.2.5 (Archived Standard): Analyze how a drama’s or poem’s form or structure (e.g., soliloquy, sonnet) contributes to its meaning.
  • LAFS.7.RL.2.6 (Archived Standard): Analyze how an author develops and contrasts the points of view of different characters or narrators in a text.
  • LAFS.7.RL.3.7 (Archived Standard): Compare and contrast a written story, drama, or poem to its audio, filmed, staged, or multimedia version, analyzing the effects of techniques unique to each medium (e.g., lighting, sound, color, or camera focus and angles in a film).
  • LAFS.7.RL.3.9 (Archived Standard): Compare and contrast a fictional portrayal of a time, place, or character and a historical account of the same period as a means of understanding how authors of fiction use or alter history.
  • LAFS.7.RL.4.10 (Archived Standard): By the end of the year, read and comprehend literature, including stories, dramas, and poems, in the grades 6–8 text complexity band proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range.
  • LAFS.7.SL.1.1 (Archived Standard): Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grade 7 topics, texts, and issues, building on others’ ideas and expressing their own clearly.
    1. Come to discussions prepared, having read or researched material under study; explicitly draw on that preparation by referring to evidence on the topic, text, or issue to probe and reflect on ideas under discussion.
    2. Follow rules for collegial discussions, track progress toward specific goals and deadlines, and define individual roles as needed.
    3. Pose questions that elicit elaboration and respond to others’ questions and comments with relevant observations and ideas that bring the discussion back on topic as needed.
    4. Acknowledge new information expressed by others and, when warranted, modify their own views.
  • LAFS.7.SL.1.2 (Archived Standard): Analyze the main ideas and supporting details presented in diverse media and formats (e.g., visually, quantitatively, orally) and explain how the ideas clarify a topic, text, or issue under study.
  • LAFS.7.SL.1.3 (Archived Standard): Delineate a speaker’s argument and specific claims, evaluating the soundness of the reasoning and the relevance and sufficiency of the evidence.
  • LAFS.7.SL.2.4 (Archived Standard): Present claims and findings, emphasizing salient points in a focused, coherent manner with pertinent descriptions, facts, details, and examples; use appropriate eye contact, adequate volume, and clear pronunciation.
  • LAFS.7.SL.2.5 (Archived Standard): Include multimedia components and visual displays in presentations to clarify claims and findings and emphasize salient points.
  • LAFS.7.SL.2.6 (Archived Standard): Adapt speech to a variety of contexts and tasks, demonstrating command of formal English when indicated or appropriate.
  • LAFS.7.W.1.1 (Archived Standard): Write arguments to support claims with clear reasons and relevant evidence.
    1. Introduce claim(s), acknowledge alternate or opposing claims, and organize the reasons and evidence logically.
    2. Support claim(s) with logical reasoning and relevant evidence, using accurate, credible sources and demonstrating an understanding of the topic or text.
    3. Use words, phrases, and clauses to create cohesion and clarify the relationships among claim(s), reasons, and evidence.
    4. Establish and maintain a formal style.
    5. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the argument presented.
  • LAFS.7.W.1.2 (Archived Standard): Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas, concepts, and information through the selection, organization, and analysis of relevant content.
    1. Introduce a topic clearly, previewing what is to follow; organize ideas, concepts, and information, using strategies such as definition, classification, comparison/contrast, and cause/effect; include formatting (e.g., headings), graphics (e.g., charts, tables), and multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension.
    2. Develop the topic with relevant facts, definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples.
    3. Use appropriate transitions to create cohesion and clarify the relationships among ideas and concepts.
    4. Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to inform about or explain the topic.
    5. Establish and maintain a formal style.
    6. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information or explanation presented.
  • LAFS.7.W.1.3 (Archived Standard): Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, relevant descriptive details, and well-structured event sequences.
    1. Engage and orient the reader by establishing a context and point of view and introducing a narrator and/or characters; organize an event sequence that unfolds naturally and logically.
    2. Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue, pacing, and description, to develop experiences, events, and/or characters.
    3. Use a variety of transition words, phrases, and clauses to convey sequence and signal shifts from one time frame or setting to another.
    4. Use precise words and phrases, relevant descriptive details, and sensory language to capture the action and convey experiences and events.
    5. Provide a conclusion that follows from and reflects on the narrated experiences or events.
  • LAFS.7.W.2.4 (Archived Standard): Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. (Grade-specific expectations for writing types are defined in standards 1–3 above.)
  • LAFS.7.W.2.5 (Archived Standard): With some guidance and support from peers and adults, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on how well purpose and audience have been addressed.
  • LAFS.7.W.2.6 (Archived Standard): Use technology, including the Internet, to produce and publish writing and link to and cite sources as well as to interact and collaborate with others, including linking to and citing sources.
  • LAFS.7.W.3.7 (Archived Standard): Conduct short research projects to answer a question, drawing on several sources and generating additional related, focused questions for further research and investigation.
  • LAFS.7.W.3.8 (Archived Standard): Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources, using search terms effectively; assess the credibility and accuracy of each source; and quote or paraphrase the data and conclusions of others while avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation.
  • LAFS.7.W.3.9 (Archived Standard): Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.
    1. Apply grade 7 Reading standards to literature (e.g., “Compare and contrast a fictional portrayal of a time, place, or character and a historical account of the same period as a means of understanding how authors of fiction use or alter history”).
    2. Apply grade 7 Reading standards to literary nonfiction (e.g. “Trace and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is sound and the evidence is relevant and sufficient to support the claims”).
  • LAFS.7.W.4.10 (Archived Standard): Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences.
  • LAFS.8.L.1.1 (Archived Standard): Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.
    1. Explain the function of verbals (gerunds, participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.
    2. Form and use verbs in the active and passive voice.
    3. Form and use verbs in the indicative, imperative, interrogative, conditional, and subjunctive mood.
    4. Recognize and correct inappropriate shifts in verb voice and mood.
  • LAFS.8.L.1.2 (Archived Standard): Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.
    1. Use punctuation (comma, ellipsis, dash) to indicate a pause or break.
    2. Use an ellipsis to indicate an omission.
    3. Spell correctly.
  • LAFS.8.L.2.3 (Archived Standard): Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening.
    1. Use verbs in the active and passive voice and in the conditional and subjunctive mood to achieve particular effects (e.g., emphasizing the actor or the action; expressing uncertainty or describing a state contrary to fact).
  • LAFS.8.L.3.4 (Archived Standard): Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words or phrases based on grade 8 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.
    1. Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence or paragraph; a word’s position or function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.
    2. Use common, grade-appropriate Greek or Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., precede, recede, secede).
    3. Consult general and specialized reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning or its part of speech.
    4. Verify the preliminary determination of the meaning of a word or phrase (e.g., by checking the inferred meaning in context or in a dictionary).
  • LAFS.8.L.3.5 (Archived Standard): Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings.
    1. Interpret figures of speech (e.g. verbal irony, puns) in context.
    2. Use the relationship between particular words to better understand each of the words.
    3. Distinguish among the connotations (associations) of words with similar denotations (definitions) (e.g., bullheaded, willful, firm, persistent, resolute).
  • LAFS.8.L.3.6 (Archived Standard): Acquire and use accurately grade-appropriate general academic and domain-specific words and phrases; gather vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression.
  • LAFS.8.RI.1.1 (Archived Standard): Cite the textual evidence that most strongly supports an analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
  • LAFS.8.RI.1.2 (Archived Standard): Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
  • LAFS.8.RI.1.3 (Archived Standard): Analyze how a text makes connections among and distinctions between individuals, ideas, or events (e.g., through comparisons, analogies, or categories).
  • LAFS.8.RI.2.4 (Archived Standard): Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings; analyze the impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone, including analogies or allusions to other texts.
  • LAFS.8.RI.2.5 (Archived Standard): Analyze in detail the structure of a specific paragraph in a text, including the role of particular sentences in developing and refining a key concept.
  • LAFS.8.RI.2.6 (Archived Standard): Determine an author’s point of view or purpose in a text and analyze how the author acknowledges and responds to conflicting evidence or viewpoints.
  • LAFS.8.RI.3.7 (Archived Standard): Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of using different mediums (e.g., print or digital text, video, multimedia) to present a particular topic or idea.
  • LAFS.8.RI.3.8 (Archived Standard): Delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is sound and the evidence is relevant and sufficient; recognize when irrelevant evidence is introduced.
  • LAFS.8.RI.3.9 (Archived Standard): Analyze a case in which two or more texts provide conflicting information on the same topic and identify where the texts disagree on matters of fact or interpretation.
  • LAFS.8.RI.4.10 (Archived Standard): By the end of the year, read and comprehend literary nonfiction at the high end of the grades 6–8 text complexity band independently and proficiently.
  • LAFS.8.RL.1.1 (Archived Standard): Cite the textual evidence that most strongly supports an analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
  • LAFS.8.RL.1.2 (Archived Standard): Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including its relationship to the characters, setting, and plot; provide an objective summary of the text.
  • LAFS.8.RL.1.3 (Archived Standard): Analyze how particular lines of dialogue or incidents in a story or drama propel the action, reveal aspects of a character, or provoke a decision.
  • LAFS.8.RL.2.4 (Archived Standard): Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative and connotative meanings; analyze the impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone, including analogies or allusions to other texts.
  • LAFS.8.RL.2.5 (Archived Standard): Compare and contrast the structure of two or more texts and analyze how the differing structure of each text contributes to its meaning and style.
  • LAFS.8.RL.2.6 (Archived Standard): Analyze how differences in the points of view of the characters and the audience or reader (e.g., created through the use of dramatic irony) create such effects as suspense or humor.
  • LAFS.8.RL.3.7 (Archived Standard): Analyze the extent to which a filmed or live production of a story or drama stays faithful to or departs from the text or script, evaluating the choices made by the director or actors.
  • LAFS.8.RL.3.9 (Archived Standard): Analyze how a modern work of fiction draws on themes, patterns of events, or character types from myths, traditional stories, or religious works such as the Bible, including describing how the material is rendered new.
  • LAFS.8.RL.4.10 (Archived Standard): By the end of the year, read and comprehend literature, including stories, dramas, and poems, at the high end of grades 6–8 text complexity band independently and proficiently.
  • LAFS.8.SL.1.1 (Archived Standard): Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grade 8 topics, texts, and issues, building on others’ ideas and expressing their own clearly.
    1. Come to discussions prepared, having read or researched material under study; explicitly draw on that preparation by referring to evidence on the topic, text, or issue to probe and reflect on ideas under discussion.
    2. Follow rules for collegial discussions and decision-making, track progress toward specific goals and deadlines, and define individual roles as needed.
    3. Pose questions that connect the ideas of several speakers and respond to others’ questions and comments with relevant evidence, observations, and ideas.
    4. Acknowledge new information expressed by others, and, when warranted, qualify or justify their own views in light of the evidence presented.
  • LAFS.8.SL.1.2 (Archived Standard): Analyze the purpose of information presented in diverse media and formats (e.g., visually, quantitatively, orally) and evaluate the motives (e.g., social, commercial, political) behind its presentation.
  • LAFS.8.SL.1.3 (Archived Standard): Delineate a speaker’s argument and specific claims, evaluating the soundness of the reasoning and relevance and sufficiency of the evidence and identifying when irrelevant evidence is introduced.
  • LAFS.8.SL.2.4 (Archived Standard): Present claims and findings, emphasizing salient points in a focused, coherent manner with relevant evidence, sound valid reasoning, and well-chosen details; use appropriate eye contact, adequate volume, and clear pronunciation.
  • LAFS.8.SL.2.5 (Archived Standard): Integrate multimedia and visual displays into presentations to clarify information, strengthen claims and evidence, and add interest.
  • LAFS.8.SL.2.6 (Archived Standard): Adapt speech to a variety of contexts and tasks, demonstrating command of formal English when indicated or appropriate.
  • LAFS.8.W.1.1 (Archived Standard): Write arguments to support claims with clear reasons and relevant evidence.
    1. Introduce claim(s), acknowledge and distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims, and organize the reasons and evidence logically.
    2. Support claim(s) with logical reasoning and relevant evidence, using accurate, credible sources and demonstrating an understanding of the topic or text.
    3. Use words, phrases, and clauses to create cohesion and clarify the relationships among claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence.
    4. Establish and maintain a formal style.
    5. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the argument presented.
  • LAFS.8.W.1.2 (Archived Standard): Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas, concepts, and information through the selection, organization, and analysis of relevant content.
    1. Introduce a topic clearly, previewing what is to follow; organize ideas, concepts, and information into broader categories; include formatting (e.g., headings), graphics (e.g., charts, tables), and multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension.
    2. Develop the topic with relevant, well-chosen facts, definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples.
    3. Use appropriate and varied transitions to create cohesion and clarify the relationships among ideas and concepts.
    4. Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to inform about or explain the topic.
    5. Establish and maintain a formal style.
    6. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information or explanation presented.
  • LAFS.8.W.1.3 (Archived Standard): Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, relevant descriptive details, and well-structured event sequences.
    1. Engage and orient the reader by establishing a context and point of view and introducing a narrator and/or characters; organize an event sequence that unfolds naturally and logically.
    2. Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue, pacing, description, and reflection, to develop experiences, events, and/or characters.
    3. Use a variety of transition words, phrases, and clauses to convey sequence, signal shifts from one time frame or setting to another, and show the relationships among experiences and events.
    4. Use precise words and phrases, relevant descriptive details, and sensory language to capture the action and convey experiences and events.
    5. Provide a conclusion that follows from and reflects on the narrated experiences or events.
  • LAFS.8.W.2.4 (Archived Standard): Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. (Grade-specific expectations for writing types are defined in standards 1–3 above.)
  • LAFS.8.W.2.5 (Archived Standard): With some guidance and support from peers and adults, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on how well purpose and audience have been addressed.
  • LAFS.8.W.2.6 (Archived Standard): Use technology, including the Internet, to produce and publish writing and present the relationships between information and ideas efficiently as well as to interact and collaborate with others.
  • LAFS.8.W.3.7 (Archived Standard): Conduct short research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question), drawing on several sources and generating additional related, focused questions that allow for multiple avenues of exploration.
  • LAFS.8.W.3.8 (Archived Standard): Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources, using search terms effectively; assess the credibility and accuracy of each source; and quote or paraphrase the data and conclusions of others while avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation.
  • LAFS.8.W.3.9 (Archived Standard): Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.
    1. Apply grade 8 Reading standards to literature (e.g., “Analyze how a modern work of fiction draws on themes, patterns of events, or character types from myths, traditional stories, or religious works such as the Bible, including describing how the material is rendered new”).
    2. Apply grade 8 Reading standards to literary nonfiction (e.g., “Delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is sound and the evidence is relevant and sufficient; recognize when irrelevant evidence is introduced”).
  • LAFS.8.W.4.10 (Archived Standard): Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences.
  • ELD.K12.ELL.LA.1: English language learners communicate information, ideas and concepts necessary for academic success in the content area of Language Arts.
  • ELD.K12.ELL.SI.1: English language learners communicate for social and instructional purposes within the school setting.
Course Information
General Notes

The course includes, but is not limited to, the following:

  • determining central ideas or themes of a text and analyzing their development as well as summarizing the key supporting details and ideas;
  • interpreting words and phrases as they are used in a text, including determining technical, connotative, and figurative meanings, and analyzing how specific word choices shape meaning or tone;
  • analyzing the structure of texts, including how specific sentences, paragraphs, and larger portions of the text (e.g., a section, chapter, scene, or stanza) relate to each other and the whole;
  • integrating and evaluating content presented in diverse formats and media, including visually and quantitatively, as well as in words;
  • delineating and evaluating the argument and specific claims in a text, including the validity of the reasoning as well as the source, relevance and sufficiency of the evidence;
  • analyzing how two or more texts address similar themes or topics in order to build knowledge or to compare the approaches the authors take;
  • writing in response to reading, emulating authors' structures, word choices, styles, etc.

Additional Notes: Students entering the upper grades, who are not reading and writing on grade level, have a variety of intervention needs. No single program or strategy can be successful in remediating the needs of all students. The intervention course should require that students increase the amount and complexity of text they read and write independently throughout the school year to ensure students have enough exposure to various text structures and academic vocabulary to develop skills necessary for college and career readiness.

It is necessary to implement a combination of research-based programs and strategies that have been proven successful in accelerating the development of literacy skills in older readers.

The following practices should be incorporated in the course:

  1. Scaffolding of close reading is provided but does not preempt or replace text.
  2. Systematic instruction in vocabulary is provided.
  3. Explicit instruction in applying grammatical structures and conventions is provided.
  4. Student independence is cultivated.

Special Notes:

Instructional Practices: Teaching from well-written, grade-level instructional materials enhances students' content area knowledge and also strengthens their ability to comprehend longer, complex reading passages on any topic for any purpose. Using the following instructional practices also helps student learning.

  1. Reading assignments from longer text passages, as well as shorter ones when text is extremely complex.
  2. Making close reading and rereading of texts central to lessons.
  3. Asking high-level, text-specific questions and requiring high-level, complex tasks and assignments.
  4. Requiring students to support answers with evidence from the text.
  5. Providing extensive text-based research and writing opportunities (claims and evidence).

Achievement on standardized tests assessing reading and writing skills is a reflection of students' confidence and competence in reading. Therefore, instruction throughout the school year should ensure students possess the ability to read and comprehend difficult texts and perform challenging tasks associated with those texts. Time spent engaging students in practice tests should be limited, given most students' vast experiences with standardized tests and the relatively small role that knowledge of test format plays in student test performance.

In those instances when this course is repeated, the content should be differentiated based on reliable and valid assessment data. If repeated, the required level of student proficiency should increase. If students are making adequate progress (accelerated growth) in a given intervention, that intervention should be continued. If students are not making adequate progress, a new intervention should be implemented.

English Language Development ELD Standards Special Notes Section:
Teachers are required to provide listening, speaking, reading and writing instruction that allows English language learners (ELL) to communicate information, ideas and concepts for academic success in the content area of Language Arts. For the given level of English language proficiency and with visual, graphic, or interactive support, students will interact with grade level words, expressions, sentences and discourse to process or produce language necessary for academic success. The ELD standard should specify a relevant content area concept or topic of study chosen by curriculum developers and teachers which maximizes an ELL's need for communication and social skills. To access an ELL supporting document which delineates performance definitions and descriptors, please click on the following link: https://cpalmsmediaprod.blob.core.windows.net/uploads/docs/standards/eld/la.pdf.

Additional Instructional Resources:
A.V.E. for Success Collection is provided by the Florida Association of School Administrators: http://www.fasa.net/4DCGI/cms/review.html?Action=CMS_Document&DocID=139. Please be aware that these resources have not been reviewed by CPALMS and there may be a charge for the use of some of them in this collection.

General Information
Course Number: 1000000
Course Path: Section: Grades PreK to 12 Education Courses > Grade Group: Grades 6 to 8 Education Courses > Subject: English/Language Arts > SubSubject: Remedial >
Abbreviated Title: M/J INTENS LANG ARTS
Course Length: Multiple (M) - Course length can vary
Course Attributes:
  • Class Size Core Required
Course Type: Elective Course
Course Level: 1
Course Status: Terminated
Grade Level(s): 6,7,8
Educator Certifications
One of these educator certification options is required to teach this course.
Qualifications

As well as any certification requirements listed on the course description, the following qualifications may also be acceptable for the course:

Any field when certification reflects a bachelor or higher degree plus Reading Endorsement.