MAFS.912.A-REI.1.1Archived Standard

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Explain each step in solving a simple equation as following from the equality of numbers asserted at the previous step, starting from the assumption that the original equation has a solution. Construct a viable argument to justify a solution method.

General Information
Subject Area: Mathematics
Grade: 912
Domain-Subdomain: Algebra: Reasoning with Equations & Inequalities
Cluster: Level 3: Strategic Thinking & Complex Reasoning
Cluster: Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning. (Algebra 1 - Major Cluster) (Algebra 2 - Major Cluster) -

Clusters should not be sorted from Major to Supporting and then taught in that order. To do so would strip the coherence of the mathematical ideas and miss the opportunity to enhance the major work of the grade with the supporting clusters.

Date Adopted or Revised: 02/14
Content Complexity Rating: Level 3: Strategic Thinking & Complex Reasoning - More Information
Date of Last Rating: 02/14
Status: State Board Approved - Archived
Assessed: Yes
Test Item Specifications

  • Assessment Limits :
    Items will not require the student to recall names of properties from memory.
  • Calculator :
    Neutral
  • Clarification :
    Students will complete an algebraic proof of solving a linear equation. 

    Students will construct a viable argument to justify a solution method

  • Stimulus Attributes :
    Items should be set in a mathematical context. Items may use function notation. 

    Items should be linear equations in the form of ax + b = c, a(bx + c) = d, ax + b = cx + d, or a(bx + c) = d(ex + f), where a, b, c, d, e, and f are rational numbers. Equations may be given in forms that are equivalent to these. 

    Coefficients may be a rational number or a variable that represents any real number. 

    Items should not require more than four procedural steps to reach a solution.

  • Response Attributes :
    Items may ask the student to complete steps in a viable argument. 

    Items should not ask the student to provide the solution.

Sample Test Items (1)
  • Test Item #: Sample Item 1
  • Question:

    Some of the steps in Raya's solution to 2.5(6.25x +0.5) = 11 are shown.

    Select the correct reason for line 4 of Raya's solution.

  • Difficulty: N/A
  • Type: SHT: Selectable Hot Text

Related Courses

This benchmark is part of these courses.
1200310: Algebra 1 (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))
1200320: Algebra 1 Honors (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))
1200330: Algebra 2 (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))
1200340: Algebra 2 Honors (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))
1200370: Algebra 1-A (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))
1200400: Foundational Skills in Mathematics 9-12 (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))
1200410: Mathematics for College Success (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022 (course terminated))
1200700: Mathematics for College Algebra (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022 (course terminated))
7912070: Access Mathematics for Liberal Arts (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2018, 2018 - 2019, 2019 - 2022, 2022 - 2023, 2023 and beyond (current))
7912080: Access Algebra 1A (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2018, 2018 - 2019, 2019 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))
1200315: Algebra 1 for Credit Recovery (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))
1200335: Algebra 2 for Credit Recovery (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2019 (course terminated))
1200375: Algebra 1-A for Credit Recovery (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))
7912100: Fundamental Algebraic Skills (Specifically in versions: 2013 - 2015, 2015 - 2017 (course terminated))
1207300: Liberal Arts Mathematics 1 (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022 (course terminated))
7912075: Access Algebra 1 (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2018, 2018 - 2019, 2019 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))
7912095: Access Algebra 2 (Specifically in versions: 2016 - 2018, 2018 - 2019, 2019 - 2022, 2022 and beyond (current))
1200387: Mathematics for Data and Financial Literacy (Specifically in versions: 2016 and beyond (current))

Related Access Points

Alternate version of this benchmark for students with significant cognitive disabilities.

Related Resources

Vetted resources educators can use to teach the concepts and skills in this benchmark.

Formative Assessments

Does It Follow?:

Students are asked if one linear equation follows from another that is assumed to be true.

Type: Formative Assessment

Equation Logic:

Students are given a linear equation and are asked to solve the equation, explaining and justifying each step. Students are then asked to explain how confident they are in their solution.

Type: Formative Assessment

Justify the Process - 2:

Students are asked to justify each step in the process of solving an equation.

Type: Formative Assessment

Justify the Process - 1:

Students are asked to justify each step in the process of solving an equation.

Type: Formative Assessment

Lesson Plans

Method to My Mathness:

In this lesson, students will complete proof tables to justify the steps taken to solve multi-step equations. Justifications include mathematical properties and definitions..

Type: Lesson Plan

Justly Justifying:

Students will review the properties used in solving simple equations through a quiz-quiz-trade activity. As a class, they will then associate these properties with individual steps in solving equations. The students will then participate in a Simultaneous Round Table to practice their justifications. Finish the lesson with a discussion on the different methods that students could use to acquire the correct answer. The following day, students will take a short quiz to identify misconceptions.

Type: Lesson Plan

Original Student Tutorial

Justifiable Steps:

Learn how to explain the steps used to solve multi-step linear equations and provide reasons to support those steps with this interactive tutorial.

Type: Original Student Tutorial

Problem-Solving Tasks

How does the solution change?:

The purpose of this task is to continue a crucial strand of algebraic reasoning begun at the middle school level. By asking students to reason about solutions without explicitly solving them, we get to the heart of understanding what an equation is and what it means for a number to be a solution to an equation. The equations are intentionally simple; the point of the task is not to test techniques in solving equations, but to encourage students to reason about them.

Type: Problem-Solving Task

Same Solutions?:

The purpose of this task is to provide an opportunity for students to reason about equivalence of equations. The instruction to give reasons that do not depend on solving the equation is intended to focus attention on the transformation of equations as a deductive step.

Type: Problem-Solving Task

Tutorial

Solving a literal equation:

Students will learn to solve a literal equation. 

Type: Tutorial

Unit/Lesson Sequence

Sample Algebra 1 Curriculum Plan Using CMAP:

This sample Algebra 1 CMAP is a fully customizable resource and curriculum-planning tool that provides a framework for the Algebra 1 Course. The units and standards are customizable and the CMAP allows instructors to add lessons, worksheets, and other resources as needed. This CMAP also includes rows that automatically filter and display Math Formative Assessments System tasks, E-Learning Original Student Tutorials and Perspectives Videos that are aligned to the standards, available on CPALMS.

Learn more about the sample Algebra 1 CMAP, its features and customizability by watching the following video:

Using this CMAP

To view an introduction on the CMAP tool, please .

To view the CMAP, click on the "Open Resource Page" button above; be sure you are logged in to your iCPALMS account.

To use this CMAP, click on the "Clone" button once the CMAP opens in the "Open Resource Page." Once the CMAP is cloned, you will be able to see it as a class inside your iCPALMS My Planner (CMAPs) app.

To access your My Planner App and the cloned CMAP, click on the iCPALMS tab in the top menu.

All CMAP tutorials can be found within the iCPALMS Planner App or at the following URL: http://www.cpalms.org/support/tutorials_and_informational_videos.aspx

Type: Unit/Lesson Sequence

MFAS Formative Assessments

Does It Follow?:

Students are asked if one linear equation follows from another that is assumed to be true.

Equation Logic:

Students are given a linear equation and are asked to solve the equation, explaining and justifying each step. Students are then asked to explain how confident they are in their solution.

Justify the Process - 1:

Students are asked to justify each step in the process of solving an equation.

Justify the Process - 2:

Students are asked to justify each step in the process of solving an equation.

Original Student Tutorials Mathematics - Grades 9-12

Justifiable Steps:

Learn how to explain the steps used to solve multi-step linear equations and provide reasons to support those steps with this interactive tutorial.

Student Resources

Vetted resources students can use to learn the concepts and skills in this benchmark.

Original Student Tutorial

Justifiable Steps:

Learn how to explain the steps used to solve multi-step linear equations and provide reasons to support those steps with this interactive tutorial.

Type: Original Student Tutorial

Problem-Solving Tasks

How does the solution change?:

The purpose of this task is to continue a crucial strand of algebraic reasoning begun at the middle school level. By asking students to reason about solutions without explicitly solving them, we get to the heart of understanding what an equation is and what it means for a number to be a solution to an equation. The equations are intentionally simple; the point of the task is not to test techniques in solving equations, but to encourage students to reason about them.

Type: Problem-Solving Task

Same Solutions?:

The purpose of this task is to provide an opportunity for students to reason about equivalence of equations. The instruction to give reasons that do not depend on solving the equation is intended to focus attention on the transformation of equations as a deductive step.

Type: Problem-Solving Task

Tutorial

Solving a literal equation:

Students will learn to solve a literal equation. 

Type: Tutorial

Parent Resources

Vetted resources caregivers can use to help students learn the concepts and skills in this benchmark.

Problem-Solving Tasks

How does the solution change?:

The purpose of this task is to continue a crucial strand of algebraic reasoning begun at the middle school level. By asking students to reason about solutions without explicitly solving them, we get to the heart of understanding what an equation is and what it means for a number to be a solution to an equation. The equations are intentionally simple; the point of the task is not to test techniques in solving equations, but to encourage students to reason about them.

Type: Problem-Solving Task

Same Solutions?:

The purpose of this task is to provide an opportunity for students to reason about equivalence of equations. The instruction to give reasons that do not depend on solving the equation is intended to focus attention on the transformation of equations as a deductive step.

Type: Problem-Solving Task