SC.6.E.7.1

Differentiate among radiation, conduction, and convection, the three mechanisms by which heat is transferred through Earth's system.
General Information
Subject Area: Science
Grade: 6
Body of Knowledge: Earth and Space Science
Idea: Level 2: Basic Application of Skills & Concepts
Big Idea: Earth Systems and Patterns - The scientific theory of the evolution of Earth states that changes in our planet are driven by the flow of energy and the cycling of matter through dynamic interactions among the atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, geosphere, and biosphere, and the resources used to sustain human civilization on Earth.
Date Adopted or Revised: 02/08
Date of Last Rating: 05/08
Status: State Board Approved
Assessed: Yes

Related Courses

This benchmark is part of these courses.
2002040: M/J Comprehensive Science 1 (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 - 2024, 2024 and beyond (current))
2002050: M/J Comprehensive Science 1, Advanced (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 - 2024, 2024 and beyond (current))
2001010: M/J Earth/Space Science (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 - 2024, 2024 and beyond (current))
2001020: M/J Earth/Space Science, Advanced (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 - 2024, 2024 and beyond (current))
7820015: Access M/J Comprehensive Science 1 (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2018, 2018 - 2023, 2023 and beyond (current))
2002055: M/J Comprehensive Science 1 Accelerated Honors (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 - 2022, 2022 - 2024, 2024 and beyond (current))
7920030: Fundamental Integrated Science 1 (Specifically in versions: 2013 - 2015, 2015 - 2017 (course terminated))
2002200: M/J STEM Environmental Science (Specifically in versions: 2015 - 2022, 2022 - 2024, 2024 and beyond (current))
2001100: M/J Coastal Science 1 (Specifically in versions: 2022 - 2024, 2024 and beyond (current))

Related Access Points

Alternate version of this benchmark for students with significant cognitive disabilities.
SC.6.E.7.In.1: Recognize that heat is a flow of energy that moves through Earth’s land, air, and water in different ways, including conduction, convection, and radiation.
SC.6.E.7.Su.1: Recognize that heat can transfer from the Sun to the water, land, and air. Recognize that heat can transfer from the Sun to the water, land, and air.
SC.6.E.7.Pa.1: Recognize that the Sun is a source of heat.

Related Resources

Vetted resources educators can use to teach the concepts and skills in this benchmark.

Lesson Plans

Cool Special Effects:

In this MEA, students will apply the concepts of heat transfer, especially convection. Students will analyze factors such as temperature that affect the behavior of fluids as they form convection currents.

Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. Click here to learn more about MEAs and how they can transform your classroom.

Type: Lesson Plan

Location and Magnitude of Conduction, Convection, and Radiation:

Students will explore heat transfer by conducting a lab in which they will identify examples of conduction, convection, and radiation in the lab setup and compare temperature values in different locations.

Type: Lesson Plan

Energy Around Us:

Students will be able to classify the different forms of heat transfer that are evident during experiments.

Type: Lesson Plan

Heat Transfer: Conduction, Convection, Radiation:

Students will explore methods of heat transfer through conduction, convection, and radiation.

Type: Lesson Plan

Heat Smack-Down:

In this lesson, students will explore thermal energy transfer.

Type: Lesson Plan

Heat Transfers Hands:

This lesson will help students describe different types of heat transfer through discussion, hand motions, and a craft activity.

Type: Lesson Plan

Moving Heat (Convection, Conduction, and Radiation):

This lesson is hot! In this lesson, students will learn to distinguish between the three mechanisms by which heat is transferred. This lesson is high impact but low on consumable resources, allowing you to set it up in any classroom. Simple resources are used to represent heat and illustrate how heat is transferred between Earth systems.

Type: Lesson Plan

Heat Transfers: Conduction, Convection, Radiation :

In this lesson, students will be able to differentiate among conduction, convection, and radiation by modeling each type of heat transfer in a laboratory setting. Students will identify each heat transfer according to its characteristics.

Type: Lesson Plan

Take a Walk with Heat Transfer:

This lesson uses graphic organizers, a 4 corners activity and a gallery walk to instruct and assess students on their knowledge regarding the differences between convection, conduction, and radiation.

Type: Lesson Plan

Conduction and Convection in Pictures:

This lesson will allow teachers to reach students with a range of learning styles. Providing pictures, animations, teacher demonstrations, and small group interactions will provide the concepts of conduction and convection to be relayed in a simple yet effective manner to enable students to grasp the necessary learning objectives.

Type: Lesson Plan

Conduction, Convection, Radiation:

This lesson uses a PowerPoint to guide the students and teacher through information related to conduction, convection, and radiation. Student will complete an interactive station activity, and then create a poster of the information they learned.

Type: Lesson Plan

Sand, Soil, Water Lab:

Students will use a heat lamp to heat up sand, soil, and water. Each student will predict which substance will heat up the fastest and what substance will cool the fastest. As they heat the substances with a heat lamp, they will observe and record each substances temperature every two minutes for ten minutes. Then they will turn off the heat lamp and record the temperatures every two minutes for an additional ten minutes. They will graph time vs. temperature and analyze their results. After graphing they will answer questions pertaining to sea breezes and land breezes and how they pertain to the lab.

Type: Lesson Plan

Convectional Heat Transfer Using Pinwheels:

Through a review of molecules and how they react to heat along with air pressure demonstrated by a convection pinwheel, students will locate the direction heat travels.

Type: Lesson Plan

The Human Temperature Tower:

Students will utilize step ladders and digital thermometers in this hands-on activity to collect and analyze data about the range of temperatures between the surface of Earth and the atmosphere just above the surface. Students will measure the temperature of the surface, the air above at 10 cm, 1 meter, and 3 meters. By discovering that the surface is warmer than the air just above it, and the temperature drops as you go up the ladder, students will better understand the relationship between solar radiation and surface/atmospheric conduction.

Type: Lesson Plan

Keep Your Cool, Florida:

Students will apply the concepts of heat and temperature to a familiar scenario of a parked car heating in the sun. They will predict, observe and explain the temperature data collected by University of Georgia researchers. Students will compare and contrast heat flow in polar and tropical climates. They will identify examples of conduction, convection and radiation. They will discuss how heat flow management is necessary for survival. They will make observations of animal behavior from a video clip and make inferences from those observations. They will read a non-fiction article and cite evidence from it.

Type: Lesson Plan

Mixing the Heat:

This lesson focuses on the three mechanisms that are fundamental to heat transfer between earth's systems. Learners will be exposed to engaging instructional components that challenge prior knowledge, stimulate critical thinking, and enable long term retention of concepts related to these mechanisms.

Type: Lesson Plan

Radiation vs. Conduction:

Students will differentiate among radiant and conductive energy heat transfer. First, they will determine if pre-printed pictures are examples of radiation or conduction heat transfer. After a discussion of the pictures, they will test, document, and compare the time it takes to melt wax on a toothpick on asphalt and one in the air. They must determine which event was a heat transfer via radiation and conduction. Finally, they will create a multi-media presentation of their investigation.

Type: Lesson Plan

TO conduction or NOT, THAT is the Question!!:

In this lesson students will not only learn about conduction they wil be able to feel it, for themselves. Students wil also be pick out conduction in a line and explain why it is or why it is not conduction.

Type: Lesson Plan

It's Getting Hot in Here:

Students will look at heat transfer and investigate radiation, conduction, and convection.

Type: Lesson Plan

The Heat is On...:

This is a short lesson used to expose students to heat transfer. Students will differentiate among radiation, conduction, and convection, the three mechanisms by which heat is transferred through Earth's system.

Type: Lesson Plan

The Earth System: Energy Transfer:

This is a 5E lesson where students will work through three lab stations to learn about conduction, convection and radiation. This lesson will take two class periods for completion.

Type: Lesson Plan

Heating Up:

Students will explore the concept of heat transfer with an emphasis placed on conduction, convection, and radiation. Students will be able to do a continual brainstorming activity throughout the lesson. Students will watch heat transfer animations and complete a foldable on heat transfer in addition to completing a lab activity which will be followed by a summative quiz on heat transfer.

Type: Lesson Plan

Energy Transfer Through Earth's Systems:

The students will be observing three demonstrations stations concerning conduction, convection and radiation. The students will also explore the concept of energy transfer.

Type: Lesson Plan

Solar Oven Bakery:

The students will investigate how radiation from the sun allows us to bake cookie dough. The students will also determine if the volume of the box determines the time it will take for the cookie dough to bake. The students will also create a graph of the data collected while the cookie dough is baking in the solar oven.

Type: Lesson Plan

Heat Transfer:

Students will investigate heat transfer by radiation, conduction, and convection.

Type: Lesson Plan

Heat It Up:

Students will be presented a PowerPoint presentation embedded with videos on conduction, convection, and radiation. Students will take notes and complete an Exit Ticket. Students will create a pyramid foldable with illustrations and examples of conduction, convection, and radiation. Students will receive peer feedback from a modified gallery walk. This is a two day lesson plan.

Type: Lesson Plan

The Various Forms of Heat Transfer Lab:

In this 3-day activity students will perform a pre-lab and discussion first day. On day two students will cycle through 5 lab stations and draw, label, and explain what is occurring there using convection, conduction, and radiation. On day 3 students will create a poster on one of the lab stations and create a student work wall which will be used to review the lab.

Type: Lesson Plan

Cooking Bonanza:

In this Model-Eliciting Activity (MEA), students will be asked to create a Solar Cooker for a community event. Students will receive a poster informing them of the event and important information about material, and blueprint. After students create their models, they will receive a letter from the governor explaining the rules and regulations. Students will notice a volume and mass restriction. Students will then need to modify their design and test their effectiveness.

Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. MEAs resemble engineering problems and encourage students to create solutions in the form of mathematical and scientific models. Students work in teams to apply their knowledge of science and mathematics to solve an open-ended problem while considering constraints and tradeoffs. Students integrate their ELA skills into MEAs as they are asked to clearly document their thought processes. MEAs follow a problem-based, student-centered approach to learning, where students are encouraged to grapple with the problem while the teacher acts as a facilitator. To learn more about MEAs visit: https://www.cpalms.org/cpalms/mea.aspx

Type: Lesson Plan

Feel the Heat!:

This MEA is a great way to implement Florida State Standards for math and language arts. It also supports cooperative learning groups and encourages student engagement. Students will explore different types of materials to determine which absorbs the least amount of heat. Students will also calculate the surface area to determine the cost for constructing the buildings using the materials.

Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. MEAs resemble engineering problems and encourage students to create solutions in the form of mathematical and scientific models. Students work in teams to apply their knowledge of science and mathematics to solve an open-ended problem, while considering constraints and tradeoffs. Students integrate their ELA skills into MEAs as they are asked to clearly document their thought process. MEAs follow a problem-based, student centered approach to learning, where students are encouraged to grapple with the problem while the teacher acts as a facilitator. To learn more about MEA’s visit: https://www.cpalms.org/cpalms/mea.aspx

Type: Lesson Plan

See the Unseen:

In this Model-Eliciting Activity (MEA), students get to study the effect of the spectrum on their technology and their interests in space, medicine, music, videos, the human body, and handheld mobile computer technology that is so important in their world. The electromagnetic spectrum is everywhere and provides energy to us every day. Although we may not see it with the natural eye, we can see it with technology. The electromagnetic spectrum affects our lives in everything we do.

Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. MEAs resemble engineering problems and encourage students to create solutions in the form of mathematical and scientific models. Students work in teams to apply their knowledge of science and mathematics to solve an open-ended problem while considering constraints and tradeoffs. Students integrate their ELA skills into MEAs as they are asked to clearly document their thought processes. MEAs follow a problem-based, student-centered approach to learning, where students are encouraged to grapple with the problem while the teacher acts as a facilitator. To learn more about MEAs visit: https://www.cpalms.org/cpalms/mea.aspx

Type: Lesson Plan

Modeling Convection Currents:

The students will use selected materials to design/create a model of a convection current.

Type: Lesson Plan

Original Student Tutorial

The Transfer of Heat:

Explore the ways in which heat is transferred and some common examples of each type in our lives in this interactive tutorial.

Type: Original Student Tutorial

Perspectives Video: Professional/Enthusiast

Making Candy: Energy Transfer:

Candy production requires lots of heat. If you can't stand it, get out of the kitchen so you can watch this video on the couch instead.

Download the CPALMS Perspectives video student note taking guide.

Type: Perspectives Video: Professional/Enthusiast

Teaching Ideas

Atmospheric Processes - Radiation :

After a brief discussion of heat transfer processes in general, this activity will focus on radiation. Students will investigate how different surfaces absorb heat and apply their experience with the surfaces to interpret real-world situations.

Type: Teaching Idea

Atmospheric Processes - Convection:

Students explore how convection currents occurs in the atmosphere through the transfer of heat energy.

Type: Teaching Idea

Text Resource

The Transfer of Heat Energy:

This informational text resource is intended to support reading in the content area. The text explains the three ways heat passes into and through the atmosphere by relating examples from everyday life to atmospheric forms of heat transfer.

Type: Text Resource

STEM Lessons - Model Eliciting Activity

Cooking Bonanza:

In this Model-Eliciting Activity (MEA), students will be asked to create a Solar Cooker for a community event. Students will receive a poster informing them of the event and important information about material, and blueprint. After students create their models, they will receive a letter from the governor explaining the rules and regulations. Students will notice a volume and mass restriction. Students will then need to modify their design and test their effectiveness.

Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. MEAs resemble engineering problems and encourage students to create solutions in the form of mathematical and scientific models. Students work in teams to apply their knowledge of science and mathematics to solve an open-ended problem while considering constraints and tradeoffs. Students integrate their ELA skills into MEAs as they are asked to clearly document their thought processes. MEAs follow a problem-based, student-centered approach to learning, where students are encouraged to grapple with the problem while the teacher acts as a facilitator. To learn more about MEAs visit: https://www.cpalms.org/cpalms/mea.aspx

Cool Special Effects:

In this MEA, students will apply the concepts of heat transfer, especially convection. Students will analyze factors such as temperature that affect the behavior of fluids as they form convection currents.

Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. Click here to learn more about MEAs and how they can transform your classroom.

Feel the Heat!:

This MEA is a great way to implement Florida State Standards for math and language arts. It also supports cooperative learning groups and encourages student engagement. Students will explore different types of materials to determine which absorbs the least amount of heat. Students will also calculate the surface area to determine the cost for constructing the buildings using the materials.

Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. MEAs resemble engineering problems and encourage students to create solutions in the form of mathematical and scientific models. Students work in teams to apply their knowledge of science and mathematics to solve an open-ended problem, while considering constraints and tradeoffs. Students integrate their ELA skills into MEAs as they are asked to clearly document their thought process. MEAs follow a problem-based, student centered approach to learning, where students are encouraged to grapple with the problem while the teacher acts as a facilitator. To learn more about MEA’s visit: https://www.cpalms.org/cpalms/mea.aspx

See the Unseen:

In this Model-Eliciting Activity (MEA), students get to study the effect of the spectrum on their technology and their interests in space, medicine, music, videos, the human body, and handheld mobile computer technology that is so important in their world. The electromagnetic spectrum is everywhere and provides energy to us every day. Although we may not see it with the natural eye, we can see it with technology. The electromagnetic spectrum affects our lives in everything we do.

Model Eliciting Activities, MEAs, are open-ended, interdisciplinary problem-solving activities that are meant to reveal students’ thinking about the concepts embedded in realistic situations. MEAs resemble engineering problems and encourage students to create solutions in the form of mathematical and scientific models. Students work in teams to apply their knowledge of science and mathematics to solve an open-ended problem while considering constraints and tradeoffs. Students integrate their ELA skills into MEAs as they are asked to clearly document their thought processes. MEAs follow a problem-based, student-centered approach to learning, where students are encouraged to grapple with the problem while the teacher acts as a facilitator. To learn more about MEAs visit: https://www.cpalms.org/cpalms/mea.aspx

Original Student Tutorials Science - Grades K-8

The Transfer of Heat:

Explore the ways in which heat is transferred and some common examples of each type in our lives in this interactive tutorial.

Student Resources

Vetted resources students can use to learn the concepts and skills in this benchmark.

Original Student Tutorial

The Transfer of Heat:

Explore the ways in which heat is transferred and some common examples of each type in our lives in this interactive tutorial.

Type: Original Student Tutorial

Perspectives Video: Professional/Enthusiast

Making Candy: Energy Transfer:

Candy production requires lots of heat. If you can't stand it, get out of the kitchen so you can watch this video on the couch instead.

Download the CPALMS Perspectives video student note taking guide.

Type: Perspectives Video: Professional/Enthusiast

Parent Resources

Vetted resources caregivers can use to help students learn the concepts and skills in this benchmark.

Perspectives Video: Professional/Enthusiast

Making Candy: Energy Transfer:

Candy production requires lots of heat. If you can't stand it, get out of the kitchen so you can watch this video on the couch instead.

Download the CPALMS Perspectives video student note taking guide.

Type: Perspectives Video: Professional/Enthusiast